Tower of Babel

Remember the story of the Tower of Babel from Genesis? God found the people speaking one language and sharing all their knowledge, and, more than that, building a tower all the way to Heaven. So He put a stop to this alarming train of events. He made sure the people scattered, their languages became incomprehensible to each other, and the tower was never completed.

Genesis 11, 1-9
1 And the whole earth was of one language and of one speech.

2 And it came to pass, as they journeyed east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.

3 And they said one to another: 'Come, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.' And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for mortar.

4 And they said: 'Come, let us build us a city, and a tower, with its top in heaven, and let us make us a name; lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.'

5 And the LORD came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men builded.

6 And the LORD said: 'Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is what they begin to do; and now nothing will be withholden from them, which they purpose to do.

7 Come, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another's speech.'

8 So the LORD scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth; and they left off to build the city.

9 Therefore was the name of it called Babel; because the LORD did there confound the language of all the earth; and from thence did the LORD scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.

Now we know that balel is the Hebrew word for confound or mix up; we are given this etymology right in the last verse of the story. It is not much of a stretch to think that, just as the Greeks heard "bar, bar, bar," when barbarians spoke, or we hear "blah, blah, blah," the Hebrews heard "bal, bal, bal."

We also know that Babel is a Hebrew loan word from the Akkadian word "bab-ilu," meaning "gate of God."

And we know that the particle el (cognate to "ilu" in Akkadian) means God or god, first in Canaanite and then in Hebrew. (So all those Biblical names that include the particle el, like Elizabeth or Daniel, have a little bit of God in their meaning.)

Like the story of the flood in Noah's Ark (in Genesis chapters 6 to 8), I have the fanciful notion that the story of the abandonment of the Tower of Babel and the confounding of languages has some basis in communal memory.

Once upon a time, linguists hypothesize, Indo-European peoples spoke a common language, now called the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) language. During prehistoric human migration, each group spoke whatever it called PIE, but added to the language as its circumstances required and borrowed from whatever native languages it came into contact with.

The people thought they could reach Heaven if they built the tower just a little higher. The Tower of Babel by Pieter Bruegel the Elder, 1563. Held by the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.

Uploaded to Wikimedia Commons by Dcoetzee.

Skein, Neighbor, Weigh

The word skein follows a rule I learned from my old-lady school teacher in the first grade:

i before e,
Except after c,
Or when sounded like "a,"
As in neighbor and weigh.

Evidently this little ditty has been around in school books since the 1870s or so. And, although the rule has many exceptions, the word "skein" is not one of them. For it is pronounced as if it had a long a, n, and e: skane.

Originally a skein was a specific length of yarn, depending on the type of fiber. Let wool be our example here. A skein used to be 80 yards of hand-spun wool, as measured on a spinner's weasel or clock wheel, a type of winder two yards in circumference, with a gear ratio of 40:1. When the yarn reached 80 yards, the weasel made the popping noise we know from the nursery rhyme, "Pop Goes the Weasel." The round of yarn was removed from the winder and tied with yarn in four places for washing, dyeing, and drying.

Skein started as a lovely old Middle English word, skeyne, meaning a certain length of hand-spun wool or another fiber from Middle French escagne and from Vulgar Latin scamnia, from scamniare, to wind yarn.

The first known use of the word skein was in the 1300s, the century in which Geoffrey Chaucer (ca. 1343-1400) lived.

Now yarn is sold in skeins or balls by weight, not by length. A typical skein of yarn weighs 25 or 50 grams, but varies in length depending, of course, on the weight of the fiber.

Tippy Tea

Assam tea leaves are harvested in two flushes. The first flush is picked in late March and makes a strong and earthy tea with a malty, full-bodied flavor. The second flush, the more highly prized, and more expensive, "golden-tip" tea, is picked in late May and early June and is said to be just as malty, just as full-bodied, as tea made from the first flush, but smoother.

I have had both, and Assam Golden Tip Tea, in my humble opinion, was only marginally smoother, and that impression lasted only until I took the second sip.

But I could not pass up the chance to post on tippy tea, and to save both of us a little money the next time we are looking at shelves piled high with Assam and Assam Golden-Tip tea.